Organic impurity profiling method for Valacyclovir using TLC and following the United States Pharmacopoeia

Dr Sanjay Poman
Navi Mumbai, India

Abstract

This work introduces an analytical technique utilizing thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to analyze the organic contaminants in Valacyclovir Hydrochloride, an antiviral drug, following the guidelines set by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). The method identifies related compounds D, E, F, and G using 0.25 mm Silica Gel 60 F₂₅₄ TLC plates. The testing results exhibit excellent recovery and precision, with impurity levels falling below the acceptable requirements set by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).

Section Overview

• Introduction
• Experimental
• Results
• Conclusion
• References

Introduction

Valacyclovir Hydrochloride

Valacyclovir is an antiviral drug. It shows the growth and spread of herpes virus to help the body fight the infection. Valacyclovir is used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including genital herpes, cold stores, and shingles (herpes zosters) in adults. It is also used to prevent cytomegalovirus following a kidney transplant in high-risk cases.¹

The present study demonstrates the use of a thin layer chromatography (TLC) method (Table 1) for determination of valacyclovir organic impurities (related compounds D, E, G & F) according to the USP monograph method.²

Experimental

Table 1.Chromatographic conditions

Standards & Sample Solution
Diluent:		Ethanol
Sample solution (50 mg/mL):		Transfer 250 mg of valacyclovir hydrochloride in 5 mL volumetric flask add 2 mL water and sonicate for 20 minutes to dissolve. Add 95% alcohol volume to the flask. Cool and dilute to the volume with alcohol. Pass through a suitable 0.45 µm PVDF syringe filter.
Standard solutions:		Standard stock solution – transfer 5 mg each related compound D & related compound G, 10 mg of related compound E, 8.4 mg related compound F into a 10 mL volumetric flask, add 2 mL water and swirl and followed by 6 mL of alcohol sonicate for 20 minutes, allow to cool and make up the volume with alcohol. Transfer 1.0 & 0.5 mL of standard stock solution into two separate 10 mL volumetric flask (Std1 & Std2). Dilute the solutions in both the flasks with alcohol to volume. See Table 2 for concentrations.
Chromatographic Conditions
TLC Plate:	0.25 mm Silica Gel 60 F254 TLC plate (1.05715)
Plate pretreatment:	Prewash the plate with methanol.
Sample application :	4 µL
Mobile phase:	Methylene chloride:methanol:tetrahydrofuram:ammonia solution (54:34:12:3) v/v/v/v
Development:	NLT 7 cm from the origin.
Drying:	Air dry
Detection:	Spray with fluorescamine in ethylene dichloride and observe the plate under longer wavelength UV light (365 nm) for impurity F. Observe the developed plate under short wavelength UV light (254 nm) for impurities D, E, G

Results

Figure 1a. Chromatograms at short (254 nm) wavelength.

Figure 1b. Chromatograms at long (365 nm) wavelength.

Figure 2a. Densitograms of impurity mix at 254 nm for impurity D (1), E(2), and G(3).

Figure 2b. Densitograms of impurity mix at 366 nm for impurity F (1) solution.

Figure 3. Densitogram of developed plate at 254 nm.

Table 2.Chromatographic data - standard solution. (*is quantitated by different procedure)

Peak	Compound	Experimental data		USP
		Rf	Relative Rf	Relative Rf	Acceptance Criteria NMT(%)
1	Valacyclovir Hydrochloride	0.560	1.0		-
2	Valacyclovir related compound D*	0.627	1.1	1.1	-
3	Valacyclovir related compound E	0.816	1.4	1.3	0.2
4	Valacyclovir related compound F	0.945	1.68	1.8	0.1
5	Valacyclovir related compound G	0.950	1.69	1.9	0.05

Table 3.Standard concentrations, relative concentration to sample solution and USP acceptance criteria for impurity content

Compound	Std1 Conc. (mg/mL)	Std Conc. compared to Sample Solution conc.	Std2 Conc. (mg/mL)	Std Conc. compared to Sample solution conc.	USP Acceptance criteria NMT
Valacyclovir related compound D	0.05	0.10%	0.025	0.05%	-
Valacyclovir related compound E	0.10	0.20%	0.05	0.10%	0.2%
Valacyclovir related compound F	0.084	0.17%	0.042	0.08%	0.1%
Valacyclovir related compound G	0.05	0.10%	0.025	0.05%	0.05%

Conclusion

The chromatogram for the impurity mixes shows three clearly separated spots (Figure 1 & 2).

The relative R_f values of the standard spots are close to the relative R_f value mentioned in the USP monograph (Table 2) and the valacyclovir sample shows less amount of impurities E, G, & F than the acceptance criteria values mentioned in the monograph (Table 3).

See more applications for Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control

References

1. valACYclovir (Monograph). [Internet].[cited 08 Jul 2024]. Available from: https://www.drugs.com/monograph/valacyclovir

2. Valacyclovir Hydrochloride. https://doi.org/10.31003/uspnf_m87560_04_01