Manganese neurotoxicity and the role of reactive oxygen species.

Manganese neurotoxicity and the role of reactive oxygen species.

Free radical biology & medicine (2013-02-12)

Ebany J Martinez-Finley, Claire E Gavin, Michael Aschner, Thomas E Gunter

ABSTRACT

Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient, but an excess or accumulation can be toxic. Disease states, such as manganism, are associated with overexposure or accumulation of Mn and are due to the production of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and toxic metabolites; alteration of mitochondrial function and ATP production; and depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. This review focuses on all of the preceding mechanisms and the scientific studies that support them as well as providing an overview of the absorption, distribution, and excretion of Mn and the stability and transport of Mn compounds in the body.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

463728

Sigma-Aldrich

Manganese, powder, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

266132

Sigma-Aldrich

Manganese, powder, −325 mesh, ≥99% trace metals basis

266167

Sigma-Aldrich

Manganese, chips, thickness <2.0 mm, 99%

GF41418378

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.003mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF58094635

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF33640860

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.004mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF31519975

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.001mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF00832081

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF05008092

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF85367605

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF90559794

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF03428625

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF38495885

Manganese, rod, 50mm, diameter 4.0mm, cast, 99.5%

GF60677646

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0025mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF61911288

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF42039918

Manganese, rod, 50mm, diameter 6.35mm, cast, 99.5%

GF87355334

Manganese, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2mm, hot-pressed, 99.95%

GF94542206

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF53022833

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF70110593

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF71274258

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.008mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF40287258

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF83932768

Manganese, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2mm, hot-pressed, 99.95%

GF11021094

Manganese, rod, 10mm, diameter 4.0mm, cast, 99.5%

GF94645233

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF28884549

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0025mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF70055524

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF05710430

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.02mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF53469142

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.008mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%

GF86610539

Manganese, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, permanent polyester support, 98.7%