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  • Review article: role of pepsin and bile in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Review article: role of pepsin and bile in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics (2005-07-27)
J Tack
ABSTRACT

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is defined as the presence of symptoms or lesions that can be attributed to the reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus. Aspiration and prolonged monitoring studies in humans have shown that reflux of gastric contents is comprised of both acid and non-acid components, in healthy as well as diseased people. Methods to monitor the non-acid component of the refluxate are described in detail. Experimental models suggest that synergism between acid and pepsin and conjugated bile acids have the greatest damaging potential for oesophageal mucosa, although unconjugated bile acids may be caustic at a more neutral pH. Human studies are compatible with a synergistic action between acid and duodenogastric reflux in inducing lesions. During prolonged monitoring studies, typical gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms are more related to acid reflux events than to non-acid reflux events. However, symptoms that persist during acid-suppressive therapy are often related to non-acid reflux events. The therapeutic options for the non-acid component of the refluxate, including acid suppression, prokinetics, baclofen and surgery, are discussed.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, tested according to Ph. Eur.
Sigma-Aldrich
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, powder, slightly beige, ≥500 U/mg
Sigma-Aldrich
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, powder, ≥250 units/mg solid
Sigma-Aldrich
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, powder, ≥400 units/mg protein
Sigma-Aldrich
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, lyophilized powder, ≥3,200 units/mg protein
Sigma-Aldrich
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, powder, slightly beige, 1200-2400 U/mg
Sigma-Aldrich
Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, Suitable for manufacturing of diagnostic kits and reagents, lyophilized powder, ≥3200 units/mg protein