Skip to Content
Merck

Review: NAD +: a modulator of immune functions.

Innate immunity (2010-04-15)
Andreas Grahnert, Anja Grahnert, Carina Klein, Erik Schilling, Janine Wehrhahn, Sunna Hauschildt
ABSTRACT

Latterly, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a molecule with versatile functions and of enormous impact on the maintenance of cell integrity. Besides playing key roles in almost all major aspects of energy metabolism, there is mounting evidence that NAD+ and its degradation products affect various biological activities including calcium homeostasis, gene transcription, DNA repair, and intercellular communication. This review is aimed at giving a brief insight into the life cycle of NAD+ in the cell, referring to synthesis, action and degradation aspects. With respect to their immunological relevance, the importance and function of the major NAD+ metabolizing enzymes, namely CD38/CD157, ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), poly-ADP-ribose-polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins are summarized and roles of NAD+ and its main degradation product adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR) in cell signaling are discussed. In addition, an outline of the variety of immunological processes depending on the activity of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of NAD+ synthesis, is presented. Taken together, an efficient supply of NAD+ seems to be a crucial need for a multitude of cell functions, underlining the yet only partly revealed potency of this small molecule to influence cell fate.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate, ~98%, pkg of 100 mg
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate, ≥94% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate, ≥97% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sodium salt
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, pkg of 10 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt, ~98%, pkg of 1 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt, ~98%, pkg of 10 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt, ~98%, pkg of 25-30 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, pkg of 20 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, pkg of 50 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt, ~98%, pkg of 0.2 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt, ~98%, pkg of 2 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide lithium salt from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ≥95%
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt, ~98%, pkg of 5 mg (per vial)
Sigma-Aldrich
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced dipotassium salt