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Adipsin is an adipokine that improves β cell function in diabetes.

Cell (2014-07-06)
James C Lo, Sanda Ljubicic, Barbara Leibiger, Matthias Kern, Ingo B Leibiger, Tilo Moede, Molly E Kelly, Diti Chatterjee Bhowmick, Incoronata Murano, Paul Cohen, Alexander S Banks, Melin J Khandekar, Arne Dietrich, Jeffrey S Flier, Saverio Cinti, Matthias Blüher, Nika N Danial, Per-Olof Berggren, Bruce M Spiegelman
ABSTRACT

A hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the development of pancreatic β cell failure, which results in insulinopenia and hyperglycemia. We show that the adipokine adipsin has a beneficial role in maintaining β cell function. Animals genetically lacking adipsin have glucose intolerance due to insulinopenia; isolated islets from these mice have reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Replenishment of adipsin to diabetic mice treated hyperglycemia by boosting insulin secretion. We identify C3a, a peptide generated by adipsin, as a potent insulin secretagogue and show that the C3a receptor is required for these beneficial effects of adipsin. C3a acts on islets by augmenting ATP levels, respiration, and cytosolic free Ca(2+). Finally, we demonstrate that T2DM patients with β cell failure are deficient in adipsin. These findings indicate that the adipsin/C3a pathway connects adipocyte function to β cell physiology, and manipulation of this molecular switch may serve as a therapy in T2DM.

MATERIALS
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