Skip to Content
Merck
  • Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Using Human Lymphocytes as a Sensitive Tool for Cytotoxicity/Genotoxicity Evaluation of AgNPs.

Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Using Human Lymphocytes as a Sensitive Tool for Cytotoxicity/Genotoxicity Evaluation of AgNPs.

ACS omega (2020-06-18)
Balam Ruiz-Ruiz, María Evarista Arellano-García, Patricia Radilla-Chávez, David Sergio Salas-Vargas, Yanis Toledano-Magaña, Francisco Casillas-Figueroa, Roberto Luna Vazquez-Gomez, Alexey Pestryakov, Juan Carlos García-Ramos, Nina Bogdanchikova
ABSTRACT

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most used nanomaterials worldwide due to their excellent antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor activities, among others. However, there is scarce information regarding their genotoxic potential measured using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In this work, we present the cytotoxic and genotoxic behavior of two commercially available poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-coated silver nanoparticle (PVP-AgNPs) formulations that can be identified as noncytotoxic and nongenotoxic by just evaluating micronuclei (MNi) induction and the mitotic index, but present enormous differences when other parameters such as cytostasis, apoptosis, necrosis, and nuclear damage (nuclear buds (NBUDs) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs)) are analyzed. The results show that Argovit (35 nm PVP-AgNPs) and nanoComposix (50 nm PVP-AgNPs), at concentrations from 0.012 to 12 μg/mL, produce no changes in the nuclear division index (NDI) or micronuclei (MNi) frequency compared with the values found on control cultures of human blood peripheral lymphocytes from a healthy donor. Still, 50 nm PVP-AgNPs significantly decrease the replication index and significantly increase cytostasis, apoptosis, necrosis, and the frequencies of nuclear buds (NBUDs) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs). These results provide evidence that the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using human lymphocytes and evaluating the eight parameters provided by the technique is a sensitive, fast, accurate, and inexpensive detection tool to support or discard AgNPs or other nanomaterials, which is worthwhile for continued testing of their effectiveness and toxicity for biomedical applications. In addition, it provides very important information about the role played by the [coating agent]/[metal] ratio in the design of nanomaterials that could reduce adverse effects as much as possible while retaining their therapeutic capabilities.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
MEM Non-essential Amino Acid Solution (100×), without L-glutamine, liquid, sterile-filtered, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Glutamine, γ-irradiated, BioXtra, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris (red kidney bean), Phytohemagglutinin PHA-M, lyophilized powder
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium (meta)arsenite, ≥90%
Sigma-Aldrich
Cytochalasin B from Drechslera dematioidea, ≥98% (HPLC), powder
SAFC
RPMI-1640 Medium, HEPES Modification, With 25 mM HEPES, without L-glutamine., liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
Methanol, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.9%