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  • Coptidis rhizome and Si Jun Zi Tang can prevent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.

Coptidis rhizome and Si Jun Zi Tang can prevent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.

PloS one (2014-08-19)
Chiung-Hung Chang, Bi Yu, Chiu-Hsian Su, Daniel S Chen, Yu-Chi Hou, Yueh-Sheng Chen, Yuan-Man Hsu
ABSTRACT

Salmonella, a common zoonotic pathogen, causes gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used to improve gastrointestinal dysfunction and to modify the immune response to inflammation for centuries. This study used six herbal plants and four TCM formulae to rate their efficacy in preventing S. Typhimurium infection via mouse model. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Coptidis rhizome (CR) against the reference strain tallied 12.5 mg/ml and against clinical isolate ST21 was 25 mg/ml. MBCs of other herbal extracts and formulae on Salmonella Typhimurium strains were above 50 mg/ml. In the mice model, CR and Si Jun Zi Tang (SJZT) could significantly decrease the bacterial load in organs and blood after being challenged, along with body weight loss due to the infection. CR and SJZT alleviated infection-induced interferon-gamma levels in the serum and tissues, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in intestinal tissues. CR and SJZT serum metabolites could suppress S. Typhimurium invasion and TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 cells. The therapeutic activity of CR and SJZT may involve berberine, ginsenoside Rb1, and glycyrrhizin, interfering with Salmonella when invading macrophages. CR and SJZT has shown potential in preventing S. Typhimurium infection through the regulation of the immune response.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt from glycyrrhiza root (licorice), ≥95.0% (NT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt from glycyrrhiza root (licorice), ≥70% (HPLC)
Ginsenoside Rb1, primary reference standard
Supelco
Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt, analytical standard, suitable for HPLC
Ginsenoside Rb1, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Ammonium glycyrrhizate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Ginsenoside-Rb1 from Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) root, triterpenoid saponin, ≥98% (HPLC)
Glycyrrhizate monoammonium, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard