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  • Chitosan exerts anticancer activity through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in oral cancer cells.

Chitosan exerts anticancer activity through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in oral cancer cells.

Journal of oral science (2014-06-17)
Yuniardini S Wimardhani, Dewi F Suniarti, Hans J Freisleben, Septelia I Wanandi, Nurjati C Siregar, Masa-Aki Ikeda
ABSTRACT

Chitosan, a multipurpose biomaterial, has been shown to exert effects against several types of cancer including oral cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the anticancer activities of chitosan on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of low-molecular-weight chitosan (LMWC) and cisplatin on oral SCC Ca9-22 and non-cancer keratinocyte HaCaT cell lines. Cell viability and cell cycle profiles were measured by MTT assay and laser scanning cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay and electron microscopy, followed by analysis of caspase activity. LMWC exhibited cytotoxic effects on Ca9-22, but not HaCaT cells, whereas cisplatin induced apoptosis in both types of cells. Exposure of Ca9-22 cells to LMWC led to G1/S cell cycle arrest and an increase of TUNEL-positive cells accompanied by an early apoptotic cell morphology and subtle increases of caspase activity. Short-term LMWC exposure was less cytotoxic to HaCaT cells than to Ca9-22 cells, and anticancer activity was exerted through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, suggesting that LMWC could be a promising natural anticancer agent with fewer side effects on normal cells.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
cis-Diamineplatinum(II) dichloride, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Cisplatin impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
USP
Transplatin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
cis-Diammineplatinum(II) dichloride, crystalline
Sigma-Aldrich
trans-Platinum(II)diammine dichloride
Cisplatin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard