M9511
Minocycline hydrochloride
powder, antibiotic
Synonym(s):
Minomycin
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All Photos(4)
About This Item
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C23H27N3O7 · HCl
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
493.94
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.77
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product name
Minocycline hydrochloride, powder
form
powder
Quality Level
antibiotic activity spectrum
mycobacteria
Mode of action
protein synthesis | interferes
originator
Teva
storage temp.
2-8°C
SMILES string
Cl.CN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3Cc4c(ccc(O)c4C(=O)C3=C(O)[C@]2(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C1O)N(C)C
InChI
1S/C23H27N3O7.ClH/c1-25(2)12-5-6-13(27)15-10(12)7-9-8-11-17(26(3)4)19(29)16(22(24)32)21(31)23(11,33)20(30)14(9)18(15)28;/h5-6,9,11,17,27,29-30,33H,7-8H2,1-4H3,(H2,24,32);1H/t9-,11-,17-,23-;/m0./s1
InChI key
GLMUAFMGXXHGLU-VQAITOIOSA-N
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General description
Chemical structure: tetracycline
Minocycline, a semi-synthetic second-generation tetracycline, is classified within the tetracycline class of antibiotics and is utilized for the management and treatment of both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Apart from its efficacy against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, minocycline also exhibits antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. Tetracyclines, including minocycline, function by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing charged tRNA from delivering amino acids to elongate the protein chain and form cellular protein. This disruption results in a bacteriostatic effect on the prokaryotic cell, leading to the loss of its ability to grow or replicate. Being lipid-soluble compounds, tetracyclines can traverse hydrophobic barriers such as biological membranes. Among tetracyclines, minocycline demonstrates higher lipophilicity than doxycycline, leading to increased concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) and the skin.
Application
Minocycline hydrochloride has been used:
- to prepare nanoliposomes to check its effect on macrophages
- for the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain
- to treat glioma in murine GL261 glioma cells
Biochem/physiol Actions
Minocycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic with bacteriostatic function. Minocycline has anti-inflammatory properties. Minocycline inhibits lipopolysaccharide mediated inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) secretion by macrophages. Minocycline inhibits macrophage proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Minocycline inhibits neuroinflammation in pre-plaque of Alzheimer′s disease-like amyloid pathology through inhibition of key inflammatory enzymes like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and 5-lipoxygenase. Minocycline inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Minocycline exhibits anti-tumor activity in glioma by inhibiting membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Minocycline increases cognition and neuronal differentiation. zMinocycline effectively reduces neuropathic pain by increasing the functions of nociceptin/orphanin FQ.
Features and Benefits
This compound was developed by Teva. To browse the list of other pharma-developed compounds and Approved Drugs/Drug Candidates, click here.
Packaging
Bottomless glass bottle. Contents are inside inserted fused cone.
Storage Class Code
11 - Combustible Solids
WGK
WGK 3
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Certificates of Analysis (COA)
Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.
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L Silvia Munoz-Price et al.
The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 13(9), 785-796 (2013-08-24)
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) were originally identified in the USA in 1996. Since then, these versatile β-lactamases have spread internationally among Gram-negative bacteria, especially K pneumoniae, although their precise epidemiology is diverse across countries and regions. The mortality described among
Edith Kohler et al.
Stroke, 44(9), 2493-2499 (2013-07-23)
Minocycline, in animal models and 2 small randomized controlled human trials, is a promising neuroprotective agent in acute stroke. We analyzed the efficacy and safety of intravenous minocycline in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. A multicenter prospective randomized open-label blinded
K Kobayashi et al.
Cell death & disease, 4, e525-e525 (2013-03-09)
Minocycline is commonly used to inhibit microglial activation. It is widely accepted that activated microglia exert dual functions, that is, pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) functions. The in vivo status of activated microglia is probably on a continuum between these
Effects of minocycline on spatial learning, hippocampal neurogenesis and microglia in aged and adult mice
Kohman RA, et al.
Behavioural Brain Research, 242, 17-24 (2013)
Jin-Shing Chen et al.
Lancet (London, England), 381(9874), 1277-1282 (2013-03-16)
Simple aspiration and drainage is a standard initial treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax, but the rate of pneumothorax recurrence is substantial. We investigated whether additional minocycline pleurodesis after simple aspiration and drainage reduces the rate of recurrence. In our open-label
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