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  • Validation of a radial diffusive sampler for measuring occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene.

Validation of a radial diffusive sampler for measuring occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene.

Journal of chromatography. A (2014-03-08)
Mariella Carrieri, Giovanni B Bartolucci, Enrico Paci, Paolo Sacco, Daniela Pigini, Laura Zaratin, Danilo Cottica, Maria L Scapellato, Giovanna Tranfo
ABSTRACT

1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a major industrial chemical used in the manufacture of rubbers and latexes; it is also a ubiquitous environmental pollutant whose major source is traffic. Occupational exposure to (BD) can occur both during its production and during its use as a raw material. The objective of the study was the laboratory and field validation of a new diffusive sampler for BD. The nominal sampling rate of the Radiello diffusive sampler filled with Carbopack X is 30.5 cm(3)/min, at 0.177 mg/m(3), 20 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH), for an 8-h exposure time. A model can be used for calculating the sampling rate as a function of temperature, time and RH. The concentration does not affect the sampling rate above 30 μg/m(3). The measurement uncertainty (k=2), calculated both by laboratory data and by field comparison according to International Standard Organization (ISO) 13752, satisfies the EN 482:2006 requirement for measurements between 0.1 and 0.5 times the threshold limit value-time weighted average (TLV-TWA) (uncertainty<50%). For field validation study, 38 workers exposed to BD and 20 administrative employees, as the control group, underwent environmental and biological monitoring. Personal exposure to BD was measured by diffusive samplers (Radiello) in comparison with active samplers. The BD exposure levels detected for the exposed subjects were low (mean 0.059, range <0.010-1.340 mg/m(3)) but higher than the controls levels, all below 0.010 mg/m(3). The comparison between diffusive and active (pumped) air sampling showed a good correlation, with no systematic deviation from the ideal values of the intercept and slope of the optimized regression line. The concentrations of two biomarkers were also determined on urine samples, collected at the end of the work-shift: unchanged BD, by GC-MS, and the metabolite dihydroxybutylmercapturic acid (DHBMA), by HPLC-MS/MS. The urinary excretion of the biomarkers was on average higher in the exposed group (urinary BD: mean 8.8, range <1-48.1 ng/l; DHBMA: mean 0.232, range 0.016-0.572 mg/l) than in controls (urinary BD: mean 6.4, range 2.6-14.5 ng/l; DHBMA: mean 0.205, range 0.037-0.602 mg/l), but a statistically significant difference was achieved only for unchanged BD and not for DHBMA. In conclusion, the environmental monitoring measured by diffusive samplers (Radiello) appears to be a reliable method for the assessment of exposure to low levels of airborne BD and a convenient alternative to the conventional active sampling.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

radiello Diffusive Bodies, permeative, configured for anaesthetic gases and vapors, pk of 20
radiello On-Field Thermometer, Includes one standard Radiello vertical adapter (RAD122) for each thermometer, configured for standard use, pk of 3
radiello Clips, suspending Radiello triangular support plate, pk of 20
Supelco
radiello BTEX Calibration Kit (Thermal Desorption)
radiello Diffusive Bodies, white, configured for general use, pk of 20
radiello On-Field Thermometer, Reader, pk of 1
radiello Diffusive Bodies, blue, configured for sampling light sensitive compounds, pk of 20
radiello Empty Storage Tubes, glass (with stopper), volume 2.8 mL, pk of 100
radiello BTEX/VOC Starter Kit, CS2 Desorption
Supelco
Carbopack B, glass TD tube, fritted, O.D. × L 1/4 in. × 3 1/2 in., preconditioned, pkg of 10 ea
radiello 1,3-Butadiene Starter Kit, Thermal Desorption, pkg of 1 kit (2 RAD141 adsorbing cartridges and barcode labels, 1 RAD1202 yellow diffusive body, 1 RAD121 triangular support plate, 1 instruction sheet)
Supelco
Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack X, 60-80 mesh, bottle of 10 g
Supelco
Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack X, 40-60 mesh, bottle of 10 g
Supelco
Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack X, 120-400 mesh, bottle of 50 g
Supelco
Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack C, 60-80 mesh, bottle of 10 g
Supelco
Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack C, 80-100 mesh, bottle of 10 g
Supelco
Carbopack B, glass TD tube, fritted, O.D. × L 1/4 in. × 3 1/2 in., unconditioned, pkg of 10 ea, matrix Carbopack
radiello Diffusive Bodies, yellow, configured for reduced sampling rates, pk of 20
Supelco
radiello Methylene Blue Calibration Standard for H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide), pkg of 100 mL
radiello Empty Storage Tubes, polypropylene (with stopper), volume 12 mL, pk of 100
radiello Filtration Kit, pk of 20
radiello BTEX/VOC Starter Kit, Thermal Desorption
Supelco
radiello BTEX Calibration Kit (CS2 Desorption)
Supelco
Carbopack B, stainless steel TD tube, O.D. × L 1/4 × 3 1/2, unconditioned, pkg of 10 ea
Supelco
FLM Carbopack X Deactivated Stainless Steel TD Tube, preconditioned, pkg of 10 tubes, O.D. × L 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) × 3 1/2 in. (89 mm)
radiello Hydrogen Sulfide Starter Kit
Supelco
Carbopack B, O.D. × L 1/4 in. × 3 1/2 in., glass TD tube, fritted, Sealed with Brass Endcaps, preconditioned, pkg of 10 ea
radiello Vertical Adapter, threaded for standard use, pk of 20
radiello Replacement Mounting Strips, for use with Radiello Outdoor Shelter, pk of 100
radiello Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL®, pk of 20