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METTL3 regulates heterochromatin in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Nature (2021-01-29)
Wenqi Xu, Jiahui Li, Chenxi He, Jing Wen, Honghui Ma, Bowen Rong, Jianbo Diao, Liyong Wang, Jiahua Wang, Feizhen Wu, Li Tan, Yujiang Geno Shi, Yang Shi, Hongjie Shen
ABSTRACT

METTL3 (methyltransferase-like 3) mediates the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of mRNA, which affects the stability of mRNA and its translation into protein1. METTL3 also binds chromatin2-4, but the role of METTL3 and m6A methylation in chromatin is not fully understood. Here we show that METTL3 regulates mouse embryonic stem-cell heterochromatin, the integrity of which is critical for silencing retroviral elements and for mammalian development5. METTL3 predominantly localizes to the intracisternal A particle (IAP)-type family of endogenous retroviruses. Knockout of Mettl3 impairs the deposition of multiple heterochromatin marks onto METTL3-targeted IAPs, and upregulates IAP transcription, suggesting that METTL3 is important for the integrity of IAP heterochromatin. We provide further evidence that RNA transcripts derived from METTL3-bound IAPs are associated with chromatin and are m6A-methylated. These m6A-marked transcripts are bound by the m6A reader YTHDC1, which interacts with METTL3 and in turn promotes the association of METTL3 with chromatin. METTL3 also interacts physically with the histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) tri-methyltransferase SETDB1 and its cofactor TRIM28, and is important for their localization to IAPs. Our findings demonstrate that METTL3-catalysed m6A modification of RNA is important for the integrity of IAP heterochromatin in mouse embryonic stem cells, revealing a mechanism of heterochromatin regulation in mammals.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Anti-METTL14 antibody produced in rabbit, Prestige Antibodies® Powered by Atlas Antibodies, affinity isolated antibody, buffered aqueous glycerol solution
Sigma-Aldrich
Phosphatase, Alkaline from Escherichia coli, ammonium sulfate suspension, 30-90 units/mg protein (modified Warburg-Christian, in glycine buffer)
Sigma-Aldrich
ESGRO® Recombinant Mouse LIF Protein, ESGRO Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) supplement for mouse ES cell culture. Each vial contains 10^7 units/ml.
Sigma-Aldrich
Anti-Histone H3.3 Antibody, from rabbit, purified by affinity chromatography