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Membrane-integrated hybrid system for the effective treatment of ammoniacal wastewater of coke-making plant: a volume reduction approach.

Membrane-integrated hybrid system for the effective treatment of ammoniacal wastewater of coke-making plant: a volume reduction approach.

Environmental technology (2014-06-25)

Ramesh Kumar, Parimal Pal

ABSTRACT

Nanofiltration (NF) of ammoniacal wastewater containing phenol and cyanide has been investigated for effective separation of these hazardous pollutants and for the subsequent downstream chemical treatment resulting in valuable by-product generation. Four different types of composite polyamide commercial NF membranes (Sepro, USA) were tested under different operating conditions including transmembrane pressure and recovery rate (RR). At a transmembrane pressure of 15 bar, the achieved rejection of cyanide and phenol were 95% and 93%, respectively (concentrated stream) when the permeate contained 85% of ammonium-N. A high flux of 120 L m-2 h-1 was achieved during NF at a concentrated mode, with a volumetric cross-flow rate of 800 L h-1 at a pH of 10.0. The RR was 60% for the NF 1 membrane. Fenton's reagents (7.0 and 3.75 g L-1 H202 and FeSO4 . 7H20, respectively) were used to degrade more than 99% of pollutants present in the concentrated stream. In the permeate side, 97% of NH4+ -N was precipitated out as struvite by using Mg2+ : NH4 : PO+4 in 1:1:1 molar ratio at pH 9.0.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Pandy′s reagent

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrogen peroxide solution, SAJ first grade, ≥30.0%

Supelco

Hydrogen peroxide solution, 30 % (w/w), for ultratrace analysis

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrogen peroxide solution, tested according to Ph. Eur.

Millipore

Hydrogen peroxide solution, 3%, suitable for microbiology

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrogen peroxide solution, contains potassium stannate as inhibitor, 30-32 wt. % in water, semiconductor grade, 99.999% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrogen peroxide solution, 34.5-36.5%

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

Supelco

Hydrogen peroxide solution, ≥30%, for trace analysis

Sigma-Aldrich

Hydrogen peroxide solution, 30 % (w/w) in H₂O, contains stabilizer

Iron, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.38mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.075mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%