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  • Determination of volatile organic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil with efficient gas-chromatographic methods.

Determination of volatile organic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil with efficient gas-chromatographic methods.

Journal of chromatographic science (2014-09-17)
Haijing Wang, Helmut Geppert, Thomas Fischer, Wolfgang Wieprecht, Detlev Möller
ABSTRACT

Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in crude oil, such as super volatile organic compounds (super VOCs) and simple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is vital for targeting crude oil spill spots. In this study, a static headspace gas chromatography flame ionization detection method was established for determination of super VOCs in crude oil with both external and internal standard determination, which can be used in the field when using portable gas chromatography. Identification was done by comparing the retention time with the corresponding standards and quantitation was done with a new one-drop method. Another simplified and efficient method was performed to analyze volatile PAHs in crude oil, which can also be used in field analysis. Toluene was used as the extraction solvent for PAHs in crude oil. Method validation for both analyses was satisfactory. The result showed that n-butane and n-pentane were maximum super VOCs and naphthalene, phenanthrene and fluorene were the main PAHs in the crude oil studied. The super VOCs quantity ranged from 3 to 6% and the main PAHs consisted of 0.02-0.06% of studied crude oil.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

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Methanol, NMR reference standard
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Methanol, suitable for HPLC
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2-Methylbutane, SAJ first grade, ≥99.0%
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Methanol, SAJ first grade, ≥99.5%
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Methanol, JIS 300, ≥99.8%, for residue analysis
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Heptane, JIS special grade, ≥99.0%
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Methanol, JIS special grade, ≥99.8%
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Cyclohexane, JIS special grade
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Cyclohexane, suitable for HPLC
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2-Methylbutane, SAJ special grade
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Cyclohexane, SAJ first grade, ≥99.0%
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Heptane, SAJ first grade, ≥98.0%
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Methanol, HPLC Plus, ≥99.9%, poly-coated bottles
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Methanol, anhydrous, 99.8%
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Cyclohexane, anhydrous, 99.5%
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Methanol, suitable for HPLC, gradient grade, 99.93%
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3-Methylpentane, ≥99%
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Heptane, anhydrous, 99%
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2-Methylbutane, anhydrous, ≥99%
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Nonane, anhydrous, ≥99%
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Heptane, HPLC grade, ≥99%
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Rhein
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Hexane, suitable for HPLC
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Toluene, JIS special grade, ≥99.5%
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Benzene, JIS special grade, ≥99.5%
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Hexane, ≥96.0%, suitable for residual phthalate analysis
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Pentane, SAJ special grade, ≥99.0%
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Pentane, SAJ first grade, ≥96.0%