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Key Documents

SBR00050

Sigma-Aldrich

FITC Labeled D-Lysine

Suitable for bacterial labeling

Synonym(s):

FADL, FDAA

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C27H25N3O7S
Molecular Weight:
535.57
UNSPSC Code:
12352209
NACRES:
NA.24

Quality Level

200

storage temp.

−20°C

General description

Bacterial Peptidoglycan is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids, a mesh-like rigid layer that forms the cell wall. D-Amino Acids (D-AAs) are metabolically incorporated onto the bacterial cell wall by D,D-transpeptidase and/or L,D-transpeptidase. It was recently discovered that those transpeptidases catalyze the metabolic incorporation of exogenous D-AAs with almost no restriction of the side-chain identity. Modification of a D-AA with molecular fluorophores provides fluorescent D-amino acids that can efficiently label in situ peptidoglycan in diverse bacterial species.
Fluorescein Labeled D-Lysine is a fluorescent derivative of D-Lysine that is obtained by a synthetic conjugation of D-Lysine to a fluorophore. Fluorescein Labeled D-Lysine has high biocompatibility and suitability for labeling peptidoglycans in live bacteria. Additionally, it can be used in tandem with other stains such as: FITC-labelled Alanine, Rhodamine B labelled Polymyxin B, FITC labelled vancomycin and Dansyl labelled polymyxin B (SBR00049, SBR00036, SBR00028, SBR00029).

Application

Fluorescent labeled D-AAs can be used for many applications including:
  • Bacterial cell wall morphology
  • Bacterial cell wall formation or remodeling activity
  • Bacterial viability/activity
  • Identify bacterial activity on surfaces or in substances
  • Differentiation betweenvarious bacterial strains according to their incorporation profile of differentD amino acids and sugars

Analysis Note

  • Fluorescent microscopy application: Fluorescein Labeled D-Lysine has excitation/emission wavelength range at 495 nm/515 nm.
  • The recommended working concentration in fluorescent microscopy imaging application is between 250μM-500 μM in DMSO.
  • Aliquots of the DMSO solution can be stored at -20°C, protected from light for at least one month.

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk_germany

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

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Helene Botella et al.
mBio, 8(5) (2017-09-14)
Peptidoglycan (PG), a polymer cross-linked by d-amino acid-containing peptides, is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. We found that a fluorescent d-alanine analog (FDAA) incorporates chiefly at one of the two poles in Mycobacterium smegmatis but that polar
Yen-Pang Hsu et al.
Chemical science, 8(9), 6313-6321 (2017-10-11)
Fluorescent d-amino acids (FDAAs) enable efficient in situ labeling of peptidoglycan in diverse bacterial species. Conducted by enzymes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, FDAA labeling allows specific probing of cell wall formation/remodeling activity, bacterial growth and cell morphology. Their broad application
Erkin Kuru et al.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 51(50), 12519-12523 (2012-10-12)
Tracking a bug's life: Peptidoglycan (PG) of diverse bacteria is labeled by exploiting the tolerance of cells for incorporating different non-natural D-amino acids. These nontoxic D-amino acids preferably label the sites of active PG synthesis, thereby enabling fine spatiotemporal tracking
Felipe Cava et al.
The EMBO journal, 30(16), 3442-3453 (2011-07-28)
Production of non-canonical D-amino acids (NCDAAs) in stationary phase promotes remodelling of peptidoglycan (PG), the polymer that comprises the bacterial cell wall. Impairment of NCDAAs production leads to excessive accumulation of PG and hypersensitivity to osmotic shock; however, the mechanistic

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