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About This Item
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C254H377N65O75S6
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
5733.49
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
12352209
NACRES:
NA.77
Biological source:
bovine
Form:
powder
biological source
bovine
Quality Level
product line
BioReagent
form
powder
potency
≥25 USP units per mg
technique(s)
cell culture | mammalian: suitable
single cell analysis: suitable
solubility
acetic acid: 2 mg/mL (pH: 2-3)
hydrochloric acid: 2 mg/mL (pH: 2-3)
UniProt accession no.
shipped in
ambient
storage temp.
−20°C
InChI key
IXIBAKNTJSCKJM-BUBXBXGNSA-N
Gene Information
cow ... INS(280829)
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Application
Insulin is used as a growth factor in many mammalian cell culture systems.
- Insulin from bovine pancreas has been used for the differentiation of MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) to adipocytes.
- It has been used for culturing of various cells.
- It has also been used to study insulin-mediated inhibition of the HMGCS2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase) gene.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Two-chain polypeptide hormone produced by the β-cells of pancreatic islets. Its molecular weight is ~5800 Da. The α and β chains are joined by two interchain disulfide bonds. The α chain contains an intrachain disulfide bond. Insulin regulates the cellular uptake, utilization, and storage of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids and inhibits the breakdown of glycogen, protein, and fat.
Physical form
powder-0 °C; solution stable 2-8 °C, 1 year
Preparation Note
Insulin has low solubility at neutral pH. It can be solubilized at 2 mg/ml in dilute acetic or hydrochloric acid, pH 2-3.
Other Notes
InChI: 1S/C254H377N65O75S6/c1-29-131(24)205(312-192(334)103-256)250(389)317-204(130(22)23)246(385)287-158(74-81-199(344)345)216(355)281-155(70-77-188(260)330)220(359)307-183-116-399-400-117-184-242(381)305-177(110-321)238(377)293-161(87-122(6)7)223(362)294-167(94-139-52-60-145(324)61-53-139)226(365)282-153(68-75-186(258)328)217(356)289-160(86-121(4)5)221(360)284-157(73-80-198(342)343)219(358)301-173(100-189(261)331)233(372)297-169(96-141-56-64-147(326)65-57-141)229(368)308-182(241(380)303-175(253(393)394)102-191(263)333)115-398-396-113-180(212(351)270-106-193(335)277-152(71-78-196(338)339)215(354)280-150(50-41-83-268-254(264)265)210(349)269-107-194(336)278-165(92-137-45-35-31-36-46-137)225(364)296-166(93-138-47-37-32-38-48-138)228(367)298-170(97-142-58-66-148(327)67-59-142)236(375)318-206(135(28)323)251(390)319-84-42-51-185(319)244(383)285-151(49-39-40-82-255)213(352)276-134(27)252(391)392)310-248(387)202(128(18)19)315-234(373)163(89-124(10)11)291-227(366)168(95-140-54-62-146(325)63-55-140)295-222(361)159(85-120(2)3)288-207(346)132(25)274-214(353)156(72-79-197(340)341)286-245(384)201(127(16)17)314-235(374)164(90-125(12)13)292-231(370)172(99-144-105-267-119-273-144)300-237(376)176(109-320)279-195(337)108-271-211(350)179(112-395-397-114-181(309-243(183)382)240(379)275-133(26)208(347)304-178(111-322)239(378)316-203(129(20)21)249(388)311-184)306-224(363)162(88-123(8)9)290-230(369)171(98-143-104-266-118-272-143)299-218(357)154(69-76-187(259)329)283-232(371)174(101-190(262)332)302-247(386)200(126(14)15)313-209(348)149(257)91-136-43-33-30-34-44-136/h30-38,43-48,52-67,104-105,118-135,149-185,200-206,320-327H,29,39-42,49-51,68-103,106-117,255-257H2,1-28H3,(H2,258,328)(H2,259,329)(H2,260,330)(H2,261,331)(H2,262,332)(H2,263,333)(H,266,272)(H,267,273)(H,269,349)(H,270,351)(H,271,350)(H,274,353)(H,275,379)(H,276,352)(H,277,335)(H,278,336)(H,279,337)(H,280,354)(H,281,355)(H,282,365)(H,283,371)(H,284,360)(H,285,383)(H,286,384)(H,287,385)(H,288,346)(H,289,356)(H,290,369)(H,291,366)(H,292,370)(H,293,377)(H,294,362)(H,295,361)(H,296,364)(H,297,372)(H,298,367)(H,299,357)(H,300,376)(H,301,358)(H,302,386)(H,303,380)(H,304,347)(H,305,381)(H,306,363)(H,307,359)(H,308,368)(H,309,382)(H,310,387)(H,311,388)(H,312,334)(H,313,348)(H,314,374)(H,315,373)(H,316,378)(H,317,389)(H,318,375)(H,338,339)(H,340,341)(H,342,343)(H,344,345)(H,391,392)(H,393,394)(H4,264,265,268)/t131-,132-,133-,134-,135+,149-,150-,151-,152-,153-,154-,155-,156-,157-,158-,159-,160-,161-,162-,163-,164-,165-,166-,167-,168-,169-,170-,171-,172-,173-,174-,175-,176-,177-,178-,179-,180-,181-,182-,183-,184-,185-,200-,201-,202-,203-,204-,205-,206-/m0/s1
Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk_germany
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Boah Lee et al.
PloS one, 12(8), e0183569-e0183569 (2017-08-29)
Pancreatic islets can adapt to oscillatory glucose to produce synchronous insulin pulses. Can islets adapt to other oscillatory stimuli, specifically insulin? To answer this question, we stimulated islets with pulses of exogenous insulin and measured their Ca2+ oscillations. We observed
Lei Zhang et al.
Oncotarget, 7(49), 80382-80390 (2016-11-03)
Pleiotrophin (PTN) augments tumor growth by increasing proliferation of tumor cells and promoting vascular abnormalization, but its role in early gliomagenesis has not been evaluated. Through analysis of publically available datasets, we demonstrate that increased PTN mRNA expression is associated
Down-regulation of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene by insulin: the role of the forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1.
Nadal A et al.
The Biochemical Journal, 366, 289-289 (2002)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene expression in single neurons of the central nervous system: differential regulation by interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.
Neumann H et al.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 185, 305-305 (1997)
Noncanonical K27-linked polyubiquitination of TIEG1 regulates Foxp3 expression and tumor growth.
Peng DJ et al.
Journal of Immunology, 186, 5638-5638 (2011)
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